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很多人喜歡看美國大片，無疑是被大片里面的精彩場面所吸引。但是這些大片中通常有一個角色功不可沒，那就是—機(jī)器人。他們刀槍不入、神奇白怪；他們上天入地、亦正亦邪。在欣賞大片的時候我們也總幻想自己身邊能有一個可以談心聊天、照顧我的起居、懂我的喜怒哀愁的機(jī)器人。

雖然當(dāng)今的機(jī)器人盡管沒達(dá)到如此人性化的地步，但在延伸人的手腳、智能化方面已經(jīng)取得很大成果。譬如工業(yè)機(jī)器人，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)制造上代替人完成了許多不可完成的任務(wù)，創(chuàng)造了人類奇跡。今天我們就來聊聊關(guān)于工業(yè)機(jī)器人的那些事！
工業(yè)機(jī)器人的組成部分
工業(yè)機(jī)器人由主體、驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)三個基本部分組成。
1、主體即機(jī)座和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，包括臂部、腕部和手部，有的機(jī)器人還有行走機(jī)構(gòu)。大多數(shù)工業(yè)機(jī)器人有3～6個運動自由度，其中腕部通常有1～3個運動自由度；
2、驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)包括動力裝置和傳動機(jī)構(gòu)，用以使執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的動作；
3、控制系統(tǒng)是按照輸入的程序?qū)︱?qū)動系統(tǒng)和執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)出指令信號，并進(jìn)行控制。
工業(yè)機(jī)器人的特點
1、可編程。生產(chǎn)自動化的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展是柔性啟動化。工業(yè)機(jī)器人可隨其工作環(huán)境變化的需要而再編程，因此它在小批量多品種具有均衡高效率的柔性制造過程中能發(fā)揮很好的功用，是柔性制造系統(tǒng)中的一個重要組成部分。
2、擬人化。工業(yè)機(jī)器人在機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)上有類似人的行走、腰轉(zhuǎn)、大臂、小 臂、手腕、手爪等部分，在控制上有電腦。此外，智能化工業(yè)機(jī)器人還有許多類似人類的“生物傳感器”，如皮膚型接觸傳感器、力傳感器、負(fù)載傳感器、視覺傳感 器、聲覺傳感器、語言功能等。傳感器提高了工業(yè)機(jī)器人對周圍環(huán)境的自適應(yīng)能力。
3、通用性。除了專門設(shè)計的專用的工業(yè)機(jī)器人外，一般工業(yè)機(jī)器人在執(zhí)行不同的作業(yè)任務(wù)時具有較好的通用性。比如，更換工業(yè)機(jī)器人手部末端操作器(手爪、工具等)便可執(zhí)行不同的作業(yè)任務(wù)。
4、工業(yè)機(jī)器技術(shù)涉及的學(xué)科相當(dāng)廣泛，歸納起來是機(jī)械學(xué)和微電子學(xué)的結(jié)合-機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)。第三代智能機(jī)器人不僅具有獲取外部環(huán)境信息的各種傳感器，而且還具有記憶能力、語言理解能力、圖像識別能力、推理判斷能力等人工智能，這些都是微電子技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，特別是計算機(jī)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用密切相關(guān)。
當(dāng)今工業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)正逐漸向著具有行走能力、具有多種感知能力、具有較強(qiáng)的對作業(yè)環(huán)境的自適應(yīng)能力的方向發(fā)展。
工業(yè)機(jī)器人分類
1.移動機(jī)器人(AGV)
移動機(jī)器人(AGV)是工業(yè)機(jī)器人的一種類型，它由計算機(jī)控制，具有移動、自動導(dǎo)航、多傳感器控制、網(wǎng)絡(luò)交互等功能，它可廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械、電子、紡織、卷煙、醫(yī)療、食品、造紙等行業(yè)的柔性搬運、傳輸?shù)裙δ堋?
2.點焊機(jī)器人

焊接機(jī)器人具有性能穩(wěn)定、工作空間大、運動速度快和負(fù)荷能力強(qiáng)等焊接機(jī)器人 特點，焊接質(zhì)量明顯優(yōu)于人工焊接，大大提高了點焊作業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率。主要用于汽車整車的焊接工作，生產(chǎn)過程由各大汽車主機(jī)廠負(fù)責(zé)完成。

3.弧焊機(jī)器人

弧焊機(jī)器人主要應(yīng)用于各類汽車零部件的焊接生產(chǎn)。在該領(lǐng)域，國際大型工業(yè)機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)企業(yè)主要以向成套裝備供應(yīng)商提供單元產(chǎn)品為主。

4.激光加工機(jī)器人
激光加工機(jī)器人是將機(jī)器人技術(shù)應(yīng)用于激光加工中，通過高精度工業(yè)機(jī)器人實現(xiàn)更加柔性的激光加工作業(yè)。本系統(tǒng)通過示教盒進(jìn)行在線操作，也可通過離線方式進(jìn)行編程。該系統(tǒng)通過對加工工件的自動檢測，產(chǎn)生加工件的模型，繼而生成加工曲線，也可以利用CAD數(shù)據(jù)直接加工?？捎糜诠ぜ募す獗砻嫣幚?、打孔、焊接和模具修復(fù)等。
5.真空機(jī)器人
真空機(jī)器人是一種在真空環(huán)境下工作的機(jī)器人，主要應(yīng)用于半導(dǎo)體工業(yè)中，實現(xiàn)晶圓在真空腔室內(nèi)的傳輸。真空機(jī)械手難進(jìn)口、受限制、用量大、通用性強(qiáng)，其成為制約了半導(dǎo)體裝備整機(jī)的研發(fā)進(jìn)度和整機(jī)產(chǎn)品競爭力的關(guān)鍵部件。
6.潔凈機(jī)器人
潔凈機(jī)器人是一種在潔凈環(huán)境中使用的工業(yè)機(jī)器人。隨著生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平不斷提高，其對生產(chǎn)環(huán)境的要求也日益苛刻，很多現(xiàn)代工業(yè)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)都要求在潔凈環(huán)境進(jìn)行，潔凈機(jī)器人是潔凈環(huán)境下生產(chǎn)需要的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。
工業(yè)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用
隨著工業(yè)機(jī)器人發(fā)展的深度和廣度以及機(jī)器人智能水平的提高，工業(yè)機(jī)器人已在眾多領(lǐng)域得到了應(yīng)用。從傳統(tǒng)的汽車制造領(lǐng)域向非制造領(lǐng)域延伸。如采礦機(jī)器人、建筑業(yè)機(jī)器人以及水電系統(tǒng)用于維護(hù)維修的機(jī)器人等。在國防軍事、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、食品加工、生活服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域工業(yè)機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用也越來越多。
啟明星工業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用與維護(hù)
■培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)
面向工業(yè)現(xiàn)場一線培養(yǎng)具有良好職業(yè)道德、遵紀(jì)守法、誠信、敬業(yè)、有責(zé)任心，能夠從事工業(yè)機(jī)器人設(shè)備、機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備、電氣自動化設(shè)備的運行維護(hù)、編程調(diào)試、安裝維修、銷售及售后服務(wù)的等工作，具有較好的操作經(jīng)驗，能進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)作業(yè)管理，具有創(chuàng)新精神和創(chuàng)業(yè)意識的高素質(zhì)技能型人才。
■主干課程
電工基礎(chǔ)、機(jī)械設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)、生產(chǎn)作業(yè)管理、自動控制原理、工業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)、單片機(jī)原理與應(yīng)用技術(shù)、可編程控制器技術(shù)、人機(jī)界面控制技術(shù)、伺服驅(qū)動技術(shù)、傳感器與檢測技術(shù)、液壓與氣動控制系統(tǒng)裝調(diào)與維修、通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、工業(yè)機(jī)器人應(yīng)用與維護(hù)技術(shù)、FMS柔性控制系統(tǒng)安裝與調(diào)試等。
■就業(yè)方向
主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域: 汽車、現(xiàn)代制造、電子生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、塑料制品、食品、飲料、醫(yī)藥、煙草、家政服務(wù)、電力設(shè)施、自動化辦公等行業(yè)。尤其在毛坯制造、沖壓、壓鑄、鍛造、機(jī)械加工、焊接、熱處理、表面涂覆、上下料、裝配、運輸、檢測及倉庫堆垛等作業(yè)中，工業(yè)機(jī)器人更是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
1、工業(yè)機(jī)器人制造商：工業(yè)機(jī)器人及機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備的裝配人員、調(diào)試人員
2、工業(yè)機(jī)器人銷售商：工業(yè)機(jī)器人及機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備的專業(yè)銷售人員、售后技術(shù)服務(wù)人員
3、工業(yè)機(jī)器人使用商：工業(yè)機(jī)器人及機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備的銷售及售后技術(shù)服務(wù)人員
4、自主創(chuàng)業(yè)：從事電氣自動化控制、機(jī)電一體化設(shè)備開發(fā)、設(shè)計、改造等項目的創(chuàng)業(yè)。
■就業(yè)優(yōu)勢
1、在2000年，中國工業(yè)機(jī)器人保有量僅為3500臺，到2013年時，這個數(shù)據(jù)躍升為150000多臺。專家預(yù)計未來年均增速有望保持25%，目前中國已經(jīng)超過日本成為世界最大的機(jī)器人市場，2025年基本達(dá)到自動化水平。
2、“工業(yè)時代的機(jī)器人戰(zhàn)略”勢必導(dǎo)致一批生產(chǎn)人員轉(zhuǎn)行（一個機(jī)器人也可以替代2-4個熟練工人）。但同時，大規(guī)模機(jī)器人的出現(xiàn)也會催生大量新崗位，包括機(jī)器人的研發(fā)、操控和維修等崗位。

3、機(jī)器人制造廠商及其集成商（制造和銷售方）需求大量制造、設(shè)計集成、安裝調(diào)試、銷售及技術(shù)服務(wù)工程師和技術(shù)員。使用工業(yè)機(jī)器人的客戶（購買方）需求大量操作與維護(hù)、編程與調(diào)試、維修與保養(yǎng)等應(yīng)用工程師。

英文版：

Many people like to watch American blockbusters, which is undoubtedly attracted by the highlights in the blockbuster. But there is usually one character in these big movies that is indispensable, that is, the robot. They are invulnerable and magical, and they are strange and strange. When we appreciate the blockbuster, we always imagine that we can have a robot that can talk and take care of me, and understand my anger and mourning.
Although today's robots have not reached such a human level, they have achieved great results in extending people's hands and feet and intelligence. For example, industrial robots have replaced many unfinished tasks in industrial production and created human miracles. Today we will talk about those things about industrial robots!
Components of industrial robots
Industrial robots consist of three basic parts: the main body, the drive system and the control system.
1. The main body is the base and the actuator, including the arm, the wrist and the hand, and some robots and walking mechanisms. Most industrial robots have 3 to 6 degrees of freedom of movement, of which the wrist usually has 1 to 3 degrees of freedom of movement;
2. The drive system includes a power unit and a transmission mechanism for causing the actuator to generate corresponding actions;
3. The control system issues command signals to the drive system and the actuator according to the input program, and controls.
Industrial robot features
1, programmable. Further development of production automation is flexible start-up. Industrial robots can be reprogrammed as their working environment changes. Therefore, it can play a very good role in a flexible manufacturing process with small batches and multiple varieties with balanced and high efficiency. It is an important part of flexible manufacturing systems.
2. Personification. Industrial robots have similar mechanical walking, waist, arms, arms, wrists, and claws on the mechanical structure. There is a computer in control. In addition, intelligent industrial robots have many human-like “biosensors” such as skin contact sensors, force sensors, load sensors, visual sensors, acoustic sensors, and language functions. Sensors improve the ability of industrial robots to adapt to the surrounding environment.
3. Generality. In addition to specially designed dedicated industrial robots, general industrial robots have better versatility when performing different tasks. For example, replacing industrial robot hand end operators (hands, tools, etc.) can perform different tasks.
4, industrial machine technology involves a wide range of disciplines, summed up is the combination of mechanical and microelectronics - mechatronics technology. The third generation of intelligent robots not only have various sensors for acquiring external environmental information, but also have artificial intelligence such as memory ability, language understanding ability, image recognition ability, reasoning and judgment ability, etc. These are all applications of microelectronic technology, especially computer technology. The application is closely related.
Today's industrial robot technology is gradually developing towards the ability to walk, have multiple sensing capabilities, and have a strong adaptive ability to the working environment.
Industrial robot classification
1. Mobile Robot (AGV)
Mobile robot (AGV) is a type of industrial robot. It is controlled by computer and has functions such as mobile, automatic navigation, multi-sensor control, network interaction, etc. It can be widely used in machinery, electronics, textile, cigarette, medical, food, Flexible handling, transmission and other functions in the papermaking industry.
2. Spot welding robot
The welding robot has the characteristics of stable welding robot, large working space, fast moving speed and strong load capacity. The welding quality is obviously better than manual welding, which greatly improves the productivity of spot welding. It is mainly used for the welding work of automobile vehicles. The production process is completed by the major automobile OEMs.
3. Arc welding robot
Arc welding robots are mainly used in the welding production of various types of automotive parts. In this field, international large-scale industrial robot manufacturers mainly provide unit products to complete equipment suppliers.
4. Laser processing robot
The laser processing robot applies robot technology to laser processing, and realizes more flexible laser processing operations through high-precision industrial robots. The system is operated online through the teaching box or offline. The system generates a model of the workpiece by automatically detecting the workpiece, and then generates a machining curve, which can also be directly processed by using CAD data. It can be used for laser surface treatment, punching, welding and mold repair of workpieces.
5. Vacuum robot
A vacuum robot is a robot that operates in a vacuum environment and is mainly used in the semiconductor industry to realize the transmission of wafers in a vacuum chamber. Vacuum manipulators are difficult to import, restricted, large in quantity, and versatile, which has become a key component that restricts the research and development progress of semiconductor equipment and the competitiveness of the whole machine.
6. Clean robot
A clean robot is an industrial robot used in a clean environment. As the level of production technology continues to increase, its requirements for the production environment are increasingly demanding. Many modern industrial products are required to be produced in a clean environment. Clean robots are the key equipment for production in a clean environment.
Industrial robot application
With the depth and breadth of industrial robot development and the improvement of robot intelligence, industrial robots have been applied in many fields. Extending from the traditional automotive manufacturing field to the non-manufacturing field. Such as mining robots, construction robots, and hydropower systems for maintenance and repair robots. There are more and more applications of industrial robots in the fields of national defense, military, medical and health, food processing, and life services.
Qixing Industrial Robot Application and Maintenance
■ Training objectives
For the first-line training of industrial sites, with good professional ethics, law-abiding, honesty, dedication, and responsibility, can be engaged in industrial robot equipment, mechatronics equipment, electrical automation equipment operation and maintenance, programming and debugging, installation and maintenance, sales and after-sales service And other work, with good operational experience, can carry out production operations management, high-quality skilled talents with innovative spirit and entrepreneurial awareness.
■Main Course
Electrical foundation, mechanical design basis, production operation management, automatic control principle, industrial robot technology, single chip principle and application technology, programmable controller technology, human-machine interface control technology, servo drive technology, sensor and detection technology, hydraulic and pneumatic control System installation and maintenance, communication network technology, industrial robot application and maintenance technology, FMS flexible control system installation and commissioning.
■ Employment direction
Main application areas: Automotive, modern manufacturing, electronic manufacturing companies, plastic products, food, beverages, medicine, tobacco, housekeeping services, power facilities, automated office and other industries. Especially in rough manufacturing, stamping, die-casting, forging, machining, welding, heat treatment, surface coating, loading and unloading, assembly, transportation, inspection and warehouse stacking, industrial robots are widely used as standard equipment.
1. Industrial robot manufacturers: assemblers and commissioners of industrial robots and mechatronics equipment
2. Industrial robot sellers: professional sales personnel of industrial robots and mechatronics equipment, after-sales technical service personnel
3. Industrial robot users: sales and after-sales technical service personnel of industrial robots and mechatronics equipment
4. Self-employment: Engaged in the business of electrical automation control, mechatronics equipment development, design, transformation and other projects.
■ Employment advantage
1. In 2000, the number of industrial robots in China was only 3,500. By 2013, this data had jumped to more than 150,000. Experts predict that the average annual growth rate is expected to maintain 25%. At present, China has surpassed Japan to become the world's largest robot market, and basically reached the level of automation in 2025.
2, "the robot strategy in the industrial era" is bound to lead to a batch of production personnel to switch (a robot can also replace 2-4 skilled workers). But at the same time, the emergence of large-scale robots will also spawn a lot of new jobs, including the development, control and maintenance of robots.
3. Robot manufacturers and their integrators (manufacturers and sellers) require extensive manufacturing, design integration, installation and commissioning, sales and technical service engineers and technicians. Customers who use industrial robots (purchasers) require a large number of application engineers for operation and maintenance, programming and commissioning, repair and maintenance.